What is the term for using a substance to cope with stress or emotional pain?

The term that describes using a substance to cope with stress or emotional pain is self-medication. This concept refers to individuals seeking relief from their psychological pain or stressful situations by consuming substances, such as alcohol, prescription medications, or illicit drugs. Self-medication often occurs because individuals may feel unable to manage their emotional distress through healthier coping mechanisms, which can lead to a cycle of dependence on these substances for relief.

Self-medication can initially provide temporary relief, but it often exacerbates underlying issues or leads to additional problems, such as increased tolerance or withdrawal symptoms. Over time, this behavior can contribute to the development of substance abuse or substance dependence, as the individual may rely increasingly on the substance to handle their emotions or stressors rather than addressing the root causes of their distress.

Understanding self-medication is crucial in recognizing the risks and potential consequences associated with this coping strategy, as it can result in a range of emotional and physical health issues.