What does differential association refer to?

Differential association refers to a sociological theory that explains how individuals learn behavior through interaction with others, particularly regarding criminal behavior and social norms. According to this theory, individuals are influenced by the groups with which they associate, leading to the internalization of the group's values, norms, and perceptions. When applied to substance abuse, differential association suggests that if an individual frequently associates with peers who engage in drug use or view it positively, they are more likely to adopt similar behaviors and attitudes towards substance use.

This concept highlights the importance of social environments and relationships in shaping behaviors and attitudes, emphasizing that deviance, including substance abuse, can emerge from group dynamics rather than solely individual choices or biological factors. The emphasis on socialization into group perceptions underscores how group influence can lead to the normalization of certain behaviors, such as drug use, within specific social contexts.