What distinguishes a substance use disorder from mere substance use?

A substance use disorder is characterized by a pattern of behavior that includes significant impairment or distress related to substance use. The correct distinction lies in the concept of continued use despite negative consequences and impaired control. This means that an individual engages in substance use even when it leads to undesirable effects, such as health issues, relationship problems, or difficulties in fulfilling responsibilities. The inability to control or reduce substance use is also a critical factor, as it demonstrates a loss of control over the behavior.

The presence of these criteria indicates that the substance use has escalated beyond occasional or recreational use into a disorder, necessitating a more in-depth understanding and intervention. This emphasizes the seriousness of substance use disorders compared to mere substance use, which may not necessarily involve such high levels of risk or dysfunction in daily life.

In contrast, occasional misuse of a substance may not meet the criteria for a disorder, social drinking or use during gatherings often falls within acceptable social norms, and the consumption of non-legal substances alone does not equate to a substance use disorder unless the associated behaviors reflect impairment or distress.