How is "cognitive dissonance" defined in relation to substance use?

Cognitive dissonance is defined as the mental discomfort or psychological stress experienced when an individual holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes, especially in the context of their behaviors. In relation to substance use, this concept is particularly relevant because individuals may find themselves in situations where their actions (such as using substances) conflict with their beliefs (such as wanting to be healthy or to avoid addiction). This internal conflict can lead to negative feelings, prompting some individuals to adjust their beliefs or behaviors in order to achieve consistency.

For example, a person who acknowledges the harmful effects of substance use may feel dissonance when they continue to engage in that behavior. To alleviate this discomfort, they might change their attitude about the substance, minimize its risks, or justify their use, thereby creating a sense of alignment between their beliefs and actions. Understanding cognitive dissonance is crucial for addressing substance use issues, as it helps professionals identify the underlying conflicts that might contribute to ongoing addiction or prevent recovery.

The other options relate to different aspects of behavior or strategies in substance use recovery but do not accurately capture the essence of cognitive dissonance as it pertains to the conflicts between beliefs and behaviors.